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How to Properly Replace a Keycap A jiggling of the keys is a clear indication that the key is nearing the end of its lifespan. Replacing it will keep the key working smoothly and avoid any unexpected lockouts or damage to ignition or locks systems. To fix a key correctly it is essential to identify the problem and employ the correct tools. Disassembling love it cleaning and lubricating the switch, and re-aligning the key will resolve many issues. Keycaps The plastic shell that covers the keyboard's switch mechanisms is known as a keycap. They can be molded and printed with various designs, colors, and symbols to change the appearance and feel of a keyboard. They can be cylindrical (curving to the sides like the fat cylinder were resting on it) or flat. The majority of modern keyboards have a cylinder shape, while laptops typically have flat keycaps. There are two primary kinds of keycaps: ABS and PBT. Each comes with its own set of characteristics that make it distinct in feel and sound as well as appearance. Keycaps, in general, are susceptible to damage due to wear and tear. In time, they could also become hard and brittle. This can cause various issues that include “key chatter” or “key sticking,” both of which can lead to frustration and typing errors. The most common cause is simply a matter of dust or debris under the keycap that needs to be removed. Other times the keycap's plastic “spring” assembly could be broken or require to be reassembled. In some cases, the key might be dead, and need replacement. While replacement keys are easily found at several retailers, a lot of users prefer to repair their keys instead of replacing them completely. This will help you save money and ensure that the new keycaps fit perfectly. In most instances, you'll have to take the keycap from its stem and clean the socket and switch using isopropyl or compressed air. After the switches and sockets have been thoroughly cleaned, you can place a replacement keycap onto its stem. Give it a gentle tap afterwards to ensure it is well-seated. When repairing or replacing keycaps, it is essential to choose ones that are compatible with the switch and keyboard. This can be done by searching online for keycap sets that work with the specific keyboard that you're looking for. Many makers create custom sets that can be purchased directly from their websites, but there are also other options for purchasing keycaps, like eBay or Amazon. In addition, Instagram has been gaining popularity as the platform of choice for makers and collectors to showcase their work. Switches Switches are wired connections that power desktop computers as well as wireless access points (APs), printers and some industrial equipment. They can improve the performance of networks, and make efficient utilization of bandwidth. However they are susceptible to both virtual and physical attacks. If you're looking to replace a single smart key or an entire set, repairing switches may seem like a daunting task. But with the right tools and knowledge it's simple to get your equipment back running. Before you begin, ground yourself to remove static electricity. It takes only a second and will prevent static electricity from causing damage to your computer's internals. Next, use a q-tip to clean the area around the key that requires repair. The q-tip must be soaked in isopropyl alcohol to keep it from damaging the plastic of the keyboard. After removing the q tip, unscrew approximately ¼ inch from the terminal screw. Then, take the wires out. Some switches have wires that are inserted into holes in the back of the switch. in these situations, make use of a screwdriver that is thin to pull the wire out of the hole. Conduct a continuity test to check if the switches function correctly. Attach an instrument to each terminal, and then turn the switch. If the tester doesn't illuminate the switch, it's defective and should be replaced. Network switches can also be affected through protocol and configuration issues, such as SNMP and MAC address spoofing. Lubricants Using lubricants to reduce friction between moving parts of mechanical devices allows them to perform more efficiently and smoothly. Lubricants can also protect them from wear and corrosion. There are a variety of lubricants, including solids and liquids. They are often combined with other chemicals to increase their effectiveness. Lubricants reduce friction in all types and sizes of equipment and vehicles. They are especially useful for automobiles, and their locks because they are frequently opened and closed. A good oil is durable and easily cleaned. It also will ward off dirt and sludge which could cause obstruction to the mechanism. Many lubricants consist of petroleum fractions mingled with other additives such as thickeners or solvents. They could also contain anti-corrosion or metal deactivators agents. The additives provide the lubricant with special characteristics, including viscosity enhancement and antioxidation, shear stability and resistance to corrosion. Liquid lubricants come in a variety of designs, from a simple bottle containing penetrating oils to advanced formulations for heavy industrial applications. Penetrating liquid lubricants penetrate minute crevices and cracks, delivering immediate lubrication. WD-40 is one of the most well-known lubricants, but it's not meant to be used for long-term lubrication. Another type of lubricant that is popular is powdered graphite, which can be squeezed into lock mechanisms to make them easier to open and close. Its main advantage is that it does not draw dust, and therefore lasts longer than other lubricants such as oils. However, it can't be used on a lock that is coated or painted, since the graphite will discolor the surface of the lock mechanism. A dry Teflon-based lubricant is available in aerosol form, which makes it easy to spray into the inside of a lock mechanism. It forms a thin layer on the interior of the lock that repels water, dust and chemicals. Some locksmiths prefer using this type of lubricant because it is more durable than other options such as graphite or WD-40. When lubricants aren't as effective, the friction between parts increases and they generate more heat. This can cause damage to internal components, resulting in the necessity of replacing them. This can be costly, but relubricating the mechanisms with a quality lubricant can keep this from happening. Testing If you've cleaned and lubricated the key, but it isn't working, look for foreign objects or other debris in the area below. This is the most common reason for keys that are not responding. Dirt can get into the grooves and cause short circuits to the pins or “vias” on the circuit board. Examine the case to make sure it's not damaged. This can allow water and other debris to enter the shell, shorting out the electronic components. Always ground yourself prior to undertaking any electronic repairs, as this reduces the risk of damaging the internal components using static electricity. It only takes about a minute and is good for all computer repair.